Meanings Into Words

Practice

Add an explanation to each of the remarks below, saying what is happening:

1.       Don't switch the radio off:                                                   I am listening to the news.

2.       You'd better hurry up and eat that ice cream:             It is melting.

3.       We need to have our roof repaired:                                                It is leaking.

4.       Pass me a paper handkerchief:                                          I am eating dinner.

5.       I'm afraid you can't use that room just now:                                I am using this.

6.       You should put some suntan oil on your back:            It is feeling pain.

7.       There's no need to worry about the children:             They are playing.

8.       Quick, darling, hide in the wardrobe:                              Your father is coming.

... Words 11

6.3 Change these sentences in the same way as given in the example:

Example:  Somebody's watching us.

A: There's somebody watching us.

B: We're being watched.

[ A:   There + is/am/are + sub + v⁴ + obj]

[B:      Obj + is/am/are + being + v³]

1.       Someone's following us.

A: There's someone following us.

B: We're being followed.

2.       Some men are pulling down the house.

A: There're some men pulling down the house.

B: The house's being pulled down.

3.       Another car's overtaking us.

A: There's another car overtaking us.

B: We're being overtaken.

4.       Someone's looking after the children.

A: There's someone looking after the children.

B: The children are being looked after.

5.       Two policemen are questioning the man.

A: There're two policemen questioning the man.

B: The man's questioned.

6.       A man's feeding the tigers.

A: There is a man feeding the tigers.

B: The tigers are being fed.

7.       Nobody's using the car today.

A: There's nobody using the car today.

B: The car is not being used today.

8.       Nobody is guarding the prisoner.

A: There is nobody guarding the prisoner.

B: The prisoner is not being guarded.

9.       Is anybody making the tea?

A: Is there anybody making the tea?

B: Is the tea being made?

10.   Is anyone using this room?

A: Is there anyone using this room?

B: Is this room being used?

Preposition of Direction

­­­­­­4.1 Preposition of Direction

Now write appropriate prepositions in the gaps:

1.  When the bull began to run toward me, I jumped over the fence into the next field.

2.He took two books from the shelf. He put one of them on the table, and the other one into his briefcase.

3.She ran along the corridor and down the stairs into the basement.

4.His bullet whistled past my ear, so I shot him right between the eyes.

5.He came up to her, and put his arm round her waist.

6.The prisoner jumped through the window, ran across the street, and jumped into a car that was waiting for him on the other side.

7.Looking through the microscope, she saw the two cells separate and move slowly away from each other.

8.The couldn't get over the high wall, so they dug a tunnel under  it.

Pigeon Holes

Pigeon Holes

Invitation

Invitation

Write the four levels of interacting with the text "Invitation".

Literal Comprehension:

This poem "Invitation" has been composed by 20^th century American poet Shel Silverstein. The speaker in the poem invites different persons with different natures with them to accompany with her. He invites the readers who are imaginative as dreamers or even liars who always tell lie. Hopers who for something are prayers of religious deities or persons with magical power are invited to her. He even invites to the pretenders who pretend to be superior or greater to others. So, whoever the readers are, they all are invited by the speaker to sit by him to spin the Flex Golden Tales. The tales are more colorful and very much imaginative, adventurous and with many more outstanding qualities. He invites the readers for four times to accompany him unfolding Flex Golden Tales.

Interpretation:

The poem "Invitation" might be trying to create a good readership especially in young generation. Modern young people are not so much interested in reading and enjoying the literatures. Maybe they have not properly been invited to read. Not being interested in reading the children are more pretenders, liars, magic bean players and so on. When they have inner desire for study they will start to read and will be co-readers to spin, colourful Flex-Golden Tales. The speaker's intension seems to make readers and other people to be more imaginative, creative and have fun in literatures.

Critical Thinking:

The basic intension of the poem seems to make people more creative and productive making a good habit of study. It has easily drawn the attention of different readers. With the repetitive structural pattern the poet seems to be able to convince the readers to go with him to spin some beautiful stories and nice pieces of literatures. The multiple use of 'come' has focused much on the importance of reading and value of good readers. How can one be more creative and interested in literatures if there is no passion with him? Only invitation without interest becomes useless. Still the poem seems to arise some keen interest for reading.

Assimilation:

Before reading this poem I didn't have keen passion to literature. I had much interest in music, song and sports. I used to think literature doesn't do any practical thing in our life. When I read this poem, I got an vision that literature, creative workers are also the main sources of internal entertainment or happiness. Dreamer, liar, pretender, prayer all could be adjusted in the vast arena of literature. To spin Flex-Golden Tales inspired me to enjoy the world of imagination, creativity and vision. Our life can't always be charming if we don't love reading by heart.

Meanings Into Words 11

3.6 Precise Frequency:

How often:

1.      Do leap years occur?         Leap years occur in every 4 years.

2.      Do you have election in your country?     

We have election in our country in every 5 years.

3.      Does a normal heart beat? A normal heart beats 72 times per minute.

4.      Do have an English lesson?           I have an English lesson every day.

5.      Do you wash your hair?    I wash my hair once a day.

6.      Do you clean your teeth?   I clean my teeth twice a day.

7.      Do you go on holiday?      I go on holiday once a month.

8.      Do you have your hair cut?           I have my hair cut once a month.

daily routine

3.5 daily routine

EWh + do you +v¹ +obj.

You are asking someone about his/her daily routine. How do you ask about:

1.      Getting up? (when / what time?)    When do you get up?

2.      Breakfast? (what)                          What do you have breakfast?

3.      Going to work/college? (When/How?) When do you go to work in college?

4.      Lunch? (When/Where/What?)       When do you take lunch?

5.      Evenings? (What?)                         What do you work in the evenings?

6.      Going out? (How often? Where? Who with?) How often do you go out?

Put each of these expressions into the sentence below, in the right place:

I have lunch in the office canteen.

[always, usually, sometimes, never , generally, occasionally, as a rule, from time to time, normally, now and again]

1.      I always have lunch in the office canteen.

2.      I never have lunch in the office canteen.

3.      I sometimes have lunch in the office canteen.

4.      I usually have lunch in the office canteen.

5.      I generally have lunch in the office canteen.

6.      I normally have lunch in the office canteen.

7.      I occasionally have lunch in the office canteen.

8.      As a rule I have lunch in the office canteen.

9.      I have lunch in the office canteen from time to time.

Or,                        From time to time, I have lunch in the office canteen.

10.  I have lunch in the office canteen now and again.

Meanings Into Words-what's your job?

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­3.2 what's your job?

A: Where do you work?

B: I work at the local hospital.

A: Oh, so you're a doctor, are you?

B: no, I'm a gardener. I look after the gardens around the hospital.

Have similar conversations, using the ideas below. Each time, say exactly what you do in your job.

1.  police station / policeman?/secretary.

A: Where do you work?

B: I work at the police station.

A: Oh, so you're a policeman, are you?

B: no, I'm a secretary. I help my boss in the office.

2. railway station/ticket collector?/porter.

A: Where do you work?

B: I work at the railway station.

A: Oh, so you're a ticket collector, are you?

B: no, I'm a porter. I carry loads.

3. supermarket/cashier?/store detective.

A: Where do you work?

B: I work at the supermarket.

A: Oh, so you're a cashier, are you?

B: no, I'm a store detective. I keep store record.

4. library/librarian?/cleaner.

A: Where do you work?

B: I work at the library.

A: Oh, so you're a librarian, are you?

B: no, I'm a cleaner. I clean the library.

5. ski resort/ski instructor?/…

A: Where do you work?

B: I work at the ski resort.

A: Oh, so you're a ski instructor, are you?

B: no, I'm a cook. I cook meal.

6. language school/… ?/…

A: Where do you work?

B: I work at the language school.

A: Oh, so you're a teacher, are you?

B: no, I'm a manager. I manage the school.

7. restaurant/…?/…

A: Where do you work?

B: I work at the restaurant.

A: Oh, so you're a cashier, are you?

B: no, I'm a guard. I give security.

8. nightclub/…?/…

A: Where do you work?

B: I work at the nightclub.

A: Oh, so you're a singer, are you?

B: no, I'm a dancer. I dance in the nightclub.

9. airport/…?/…

A: Where do you work?

B: I work at the airport.

A: Oh, so you're a pilot, are you?

B: no, I'm a porter. I carry load.

Jobs

3.1 Jobs

1.      Janet mends watches.                    He is a watch mender.

2.      Mac manages a supermarket.         He is a supermarket manager.

3.      Ann sells books.                            She is a book seller.

4.      Mandy takes photographs.             She is a photographer.

5.      Jimmy sweeps roads.                     She is a road sweeper.

6.      Richard and Liz act in film.                       They are film actors.

7.      Angela reads the news on television. She is a news reader.

8.      Chris plays classical music on the guitar. He is guitarist.

Now explain what these people do:

E … is a person who +v⁵ + obj.

1.      A secretary                        is a person who           helps the manager.

2.      A cashier               is a person who           deals with cash.

3.      A mechanic                       is a person who           repairs machine.

4.      A plumber             is a person who           fits water pipes.

5.      A night watchman  is a person who           gives security at night.

6.      A gardener             is a person who           works in garden.

7.      A receptionist        is a person who           welcomes to the guests.

8.      An air hostess        is a person who           welcomes to the air passengers.

rgin-b� R m 0 �� �� -left:.25in;margin-bottom:.0001pt;mso-add-space:auto; text-indent:-.25in;line-height:normal;mso-list:l1 level1 lfo2'>6.      I hope they are not worried about me.       I think I'll visit next month.

7.      I've had enough of these mice running all over the flat.

                                                                        I think I'll use mouse trap.

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­2.4 Intensions and plans

… Talk about the people's intensions using: [going to, planning to, intending to, thinking of … ing]

ESub + is/am/are + going to/planning to/intending to + v¹ + obj.

    Sub + is/am/are + thinking of + v⁴(ing) + obj.

1.      Roger has decided that he doesn't earn enough money.

He is going to do social work.

2.      Wendy has decided that her life isn't exciting enough.

She is going to visit new places.

3.      Grandfather has decided that it's not safe to keep his money under his mattress.

He is going to deposit in the bank.

4.      The Robinsons are worried because their house is full of valuable antiques.

They are going to keep security guards.

5.      Janet has just bought 100 kilos of cheese.

She is going to give a party.

6.      Alex has taken all of his money out of his bank account.

He is going to buy a new house.

Meanings into Words

Meanings into Words

2.2 Making Decision

I think I'll + v¹+obj

I don't think I'll + v¹ + obj

1.      To have a beer.                  I think I'll have a beer. I'm thirsty.

2.      Not to have a beer.            I don't think I'll have a beer. I'm not thirsty.

3.      To write to your mother.   I think I'll write to my mother. I love her.

4.      Not to go out tonight.       I don't think I'll go out tonight. I'm very tired.

5.      To learn to drive.               I think I'll learn to drive. I have a car.

6.      Not to have any more to eat. I don't think I'll have any more to eat. …

7.      Not to give up smoking.   I don't think I'll give up smoking. It is my habit.

8.      To go swimming.              I think I'll go swimming. It's hot.

9.      To have a party.                I think I'll have a party. There is a party.

10.  Not to invite Jane to your party. I don't think I'll invite Jane to my party. He is a bad boy.

Now add a decision to these remarks:

I think I'll + v¹+obj

1.      I'm getting much too fat.                          I think I'll do exercise.

2.      I'm fed up with my job.                            I think I'll change it.

3.      She seems very friendly.                           I think I'll make her friend.

4.      I'm a bit tired tonight.                               I think I'll take rest.

5.      I really must try and get rid of this cough.             I think I'll take medicine.

6.      I hope they are not worried about me.       I think I'll visit next month.

7.      I've had enough of these mice running all over the flat.

                                                                        I think I'll use mouse trap.

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­2.4 Intensions and plans

… Talk about the people's intensions using: [going to, planning to, intending to, thinking of … ing]

ESub + is/am/are + going to/planning to/intending to + v¹ + obj.

    Sub + is/am/are + thinking of + v⁴(ing) + obj.

1.      Roger has decided that he doesn't earn enough money.

He is going to do social work.

2.      Wendy has decided that her life isn't exciting enough.

She is going to visit new places.

3.      Grandfather has decided that it's not safe to keep his money under his mattress.

He is going to deposit in the bank.

4.      The Robinsons are worried because their house is full of valuable antiques.

They are going to keep security guards.

5.      Janet has just bought 100 kilos of cheese.

She is going to give a party.

6.      Alex has taken all of his money out of his bank account.

He is going to buy a new house.